lexeme:mgv-shebil-aitken_j-cam-1999
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| **A.2** Much of the debate surrounding the root of <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> is whether or not it is cognate with <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>, and if so, in what way. <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> denotes an ‘ear of grain’ in at least 15 of its 19 occurrences in the OT (e.g. Gn 41.5) and elsewhere denotes, probably as a homonym, a ‘watercourse, torrent’ (e.g. Ps 69.3, 16). In deriving these lexemes from the same root <span translit>šbl</span> some scholars have proposed an etymology for <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span>, as recorded in A.3 and A.4 below. An alternative comparative semantic suggestion has been made by Beeston (see B.1 below). The debate is complicated by the account in Jdg 12.6 of the Ephraimite inability to pronounce <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>, replying instead with the sound <span hebrew>סִבֹּלֶת</span>. It is, first, uncertain whether the lexeme they are asked to utter is the one with the meaning ‘ear of grain’ or with the meaning ‘watercourse, torrent’. Second, this account raises phonetic questions regarding the root of the lexeme, whichever of the two homonyms is the one used in Jdg 12.6. A summary of this debate, as far as it bears on the meaning of <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span>, is given in B.2 below, although it is probably an unresolvable question (Beeston 1988:261; Speiser 1967:150). It does, however, appear that we should distinguish between two roots (Faber 1992:48; Hendel 1996:69 70): a Proto-Semitic denoting *<span translit>šblt</span> ‘ear of grain’ (attested in many languages) and a root *<span translit>šbl</span> denoting ‘watercourse, path’ (attested in Heb, Syr, Arb, and [from Arb] Tge). This implies that caution should be exercised in connecting <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> with the meaning ‘ear of grain’, but that it may well be cognate with <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ and the //hapax// <span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span> (Is 47.2). | **A.2** Much of the debate surrounding the root of <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> is whether or not it is cognate with <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>, and if so, in what way. <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> denotes an ‘ear of grain’ in at least 15 of its 19 occurrences in the OT (e.g. Gn 41.5) and elsewhere denotes, probably as a homonym, a ‘watercourse, torrent’ (e.g. Ps 69.3, 16). In deriving these lexemes from the same root <span translit>šbl</span> some scholars have proposed an etymology for <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span>, as recorded in A.3 and A.4 below. An alternative comparative semantic suggestion has been made by Beeston (see B.1 below). The debate is complicated by the account in Jdg 12.6 of the Ephraimite inability to pronounce <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>, replying instead with the sound <span hebrew>סִבֹּלֶת</span>. It is, first, uncertain whether the lexeme they are asked to utter is the one with the meaning ‘ear of grain’ or with the meaning ‘watercourse, torrent’. Second, this account raises phonetic questions regarding the root of the lexeme, whichever of the two homonyms is the one used in Jdg 12.6. A summary of this debate, as far as it bears on the meaning of <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span>, is given in B.2 below, although it is probably an unresolvable question (Beeston 1988:261; Speiser 1967:150). It does, however, appear that we should distinguish between two roots (Faber 1992:48; Hendel 1996:69 70): a Proto-Semitic denoting *<span translit>šblt</span> ‘ear of grain’ (attested in many languages) and a root *<span translit>šbl</span> denoting ‘watercourse, path’ (attested in Heb, Syr, Arb, and [from Arb] Tge). This implies that caution should be exercised in connecting <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> with the meaning ‘ear of grain’, but that it may well be cognate with <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ and the //hapax// <span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span> (Is 47.2). | ||
| - | **A.3** Nouns in BH commonly associated with <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> are <span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span> (Is 47.2), possibly referring to the hanging folds of a robe, <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘an ear of corn’ (e.g. Gn 41.5), and <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ (e.g. Ps 69.16; cf. BDB:987; KB<sup>2</sup>:942). See on these B.1 below. Jastrow includes in this group the noun <span hebrew>שַׁבְּלוּל</span>, a ‘snail’ (Ps 58.9; 1903:1515). Jastrow in turn (1903:1514, 1557) connects these words with the Shaphel of <span hebrew>יבל</span>, ‘to bring, carry’, a verb appearing only in the causative stem in Heb, but in the causative and Peal (in Egyptian Aram; see Muraoka & Porten 1998:121, and n. 561) in Arm, and in the causative and G-stem in Akk. The derivatives from <span translit>lby</span> are similar in meaning to those from the stem <span translit>šbl</span>: <span hebrew>יָבָל</span>, ‘watercourse, stream’; <span hebrew>יְבוּל</span>, ‘produce’; <span hebrew>יוֹבֵל</span>, ‘ram’s horn’; <span hebrew>אוּבָל</span>, ‘stream’. | + | **A.3** Nouns in BH commonly associated with <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> are <span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span> (Is 47.2), possibly referring to the hanging folds of a robe, <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘an ear of corn’ (e.g. Gn 41.5), and <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ (e.g. Ps 69.16; cf. BDB:987; KB<sup>2</sup>:942). See on these B.1 below. Jastrow includes in this group the noun <span hebrew>שַׁבְּלוּל</span>, a ‘snail’ (Ps 58.9; 1903:1515). Jastrow in turn (1903:1514, 1557) connects these words with the Shaphel of <span hebrew>יבל</span>, ‘to bring, carry’, a verb appearing only in the causative stem in Heb, but in the causative and Peal (in Egyptian Aram; see Muraoka & Porten 1998:121, and n. 561) in Arm, and in the causative and G-stem in Akk. The derivatives from <span translit>lby</span> are similar in meaning to those from the stem <span translit>šbl</span>: <span hebrew>יָבָל</span>, ‘watercourse, stream’; <span hebrew>יְבוּל</span>, ‘produce’; <span hebrew>יוֹבֵל</span>, ‘ram’s horn’; <span hebrew>אוּבָל</span>, ‘stream’. |
| **A.4** Dorsey (1991:237) notes that what is common to Heb nouns with the stem <span translit>šbl</span> and to those from <span translit>ybl</span> is that each appears to be an object that grows out or extends from something else. It may be produced from the earth (<span hebrew>יְבוּל, בּוּל</span>), be an ear of grain (<span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>), a ram’s horn (<span hebrew>יוֹבֵל</span>), a snail (extending) out of its shell (<span hebrew>שַׁבְּלוּל</span>) or the folds of a robe dropping down from the upper part of the garment (<span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span>). A <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ could be so called because a stream flows from or extends from a particular source (so also <span hebrew>יָבָל</span> and <span hebrew>אוּבָל</span>). Dorsey, therefore, suggests that a <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> was so called because it was a road //extending// from a main road (i.e. a branch road), although he admits that this is speculative . The doubtful connection between all these lexemes renders his suggestion all the more speculative (see A.2, B.1). Others have identified the root as denoting something that flows (BDB:987), and hence Carroll glosses <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> as a ‘flowing course of life’ (1986:376). This is possible if there is a root *<span translit>šbl</span> behind certain of the lexemes, but uncertainty remains over the origins of the lexemes. | **A.4** Dorsey (1991:237) notes that what is common to Heb nouns with the stem <span translit>šbl</span> and to those from <span translit>ybl</span> is that each appears to be an object that grows out or extends from something else. It may be produced from the earth (<span hebrew>יְבוּל, בּוּל</span>), be an ear of grain (<span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span>), a ram’s horn (<span hebrew>יוֹבֵל</span>), a snail (extending) out of its shell (<span hebrew>שַׁבְּלוּל</span>) or the folds of a robe dropping down from the upper part of the garment (<span hebrew>שֹׁבֶל</span>). A <span hebrew>שִׁבֹּלֶת</span> ‘a flowing stream’ could be so called because a stream flows from or extends from a particular source (so also <span hebrew>יָבָל</span> and <span hebrew>אוּבָל</span>). Dorsey, therefore, suggests that a <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> was so called because it was a road //extending// from a main road (i.e. a branch road), although he admits that this is speculative . The doubtful connection between all these lexemes renders his suggestion all the more speculative (see A.2, B.1). Others have identified the root as denoting something that flows (BDB:987), and hence Carroll glosses <span hebrew>שְׁבִיל</span> as a ‘flowing course of life’ (1986:376). This is possible if there is a root *<span translit>šbl</span> behind certain of the lexemes, but uncertainty remains over the origins of the lexemes. | ||
| Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
| ===== 4. Versions ===== | ===== 4. Versions ===== | ||
| - | //a. //LXX: | + | ==== a. LXX: ==== |
| <span greek>τρίβος</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv]; Aquila on Jr 18.15); | <span greek>τρίβος</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv]; Aquila on Jr 18.15); | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
| <span greek>ἀτραπός</span> (Sir 5.9); | <span greek>ἀτραπός</span> (Sir 5.9); | ||
| - | //b//. Peshitta: | + | ==== b. Peshitta: ==== |
| <span translit>šḇilāʾ</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv], Jr 18.15, Sir 5.9); | <span translit>šḇilāʾ</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv], Jr 18.15, Sir 5.9); | ||
| - | //c.// Targum: | + | ==== c. Targum: ==== |
| <span hebrew>כִּבְשָׁא</span> (Ps 77.20 [s as Qere]); | <span hebrew>כִּבְשָׁא</span> (Ps 77.20 [s as Qere]); | ||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
| <span hebrew>שְׁבִילָא</span> (Jr 18.15); | <span hebrew>שְׁבִילָא</span> (Jr 18.15); | ||
| - | //d.// Vulgate: | + | ==== d. Vulgate: ==== |
| <span translit>semita</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv]; Jr 18.15); | <span translit>semita</span> (Ps 77.20 [pl as Ketiv]; Jr 18.15); | ||
| Line 161: | Line 161: | ||
| Carroll, R.P. 1986. Commentary on //Jeremiah// [Old Testament Library] (London: SCM Press). | Carroll, R.P. 1986. Commentary on //Jeremiah// [Old Testament Library] (London: SCM Press). | ||
| - | Craigie, P.C, P.H. Kelley & J.F. Drinkard. 1991. Commentary on //Jeremiah 1-25// [WBC 26] (Dallas, Texas: Word Books). | + | Craigie, P.C, P.H. Kelley & J.F. Drinkard. 1991. Commentary on //Jeremiah 1-25// [WBC 26] (Dallas, Texas: Word Books). |
| Dahood, M. 1962. Philological notes on Jer 18, 1415. //ZAW// 74:207-209. | Dahood, M. 1962. Philological notes on Jer 18, 1415. //ZAW// 74:207-209. | ||
| Line 171: | Line 171: | ||
| Dorsey, D.A. 1991. //The Roads and Highways of Ancient Israel// [The ASOR Library of Biblical and Near Eastern Archaeology] (Baltimore/London: John Hopkins University Press). | Dorsey, D.A. 1991. //The Roads and Highways of Ancient Israel// [The ASOR Library of Biblical and Near Eastern Archaeology] (Baltimore/London: John Hopkins University Press). | ||
| - | Drower, E.S. & R. Macuch. 1963. //A Mandaic Dictionary// (Oxford: Clarendon Press). | + | Drower, E.S. & R. Macuch. 1963. //A Mandaic Dictionary// (Oxford: Clarendon Press). |
| - | Driver, G.R. 1950. Problems of the Hebrew text and language. In H. Junker & J. Botterweck (eds.). //Alttestamentliche Studien Friedrich Nötscher zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet// (Bonn: P. Hanstein), 46-61. | + | Driver, G.R. 1950. Problems of the Hebrew text and language. In H. Junker & J. Botterweck (eds.). //Alttestamentliche Studien Friedrich Nötscher zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet// (Bonn: P. Hanstein), 46-61. |
| - | Emerton, J.A. 1985. Some comments on the Shibboleth incident (Judges XII 6). In A. Caquot, S. Légasse & M. Tardieu (eds.). //Mélanges Bibliques et Orientaux en l’honneur de M. Mathias Delcor// [Alter Orient und Altes Testament 215] (Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker/Neukirchener Verlag), 149-57. | + | Emerton, J.A. 1985. Some comments on the Shibboleth incident (Judges XII 6). In A. Caquot, S. Légasse & M. Tardieu (eds.). //Mélanges Bibliques et Orientaux en l’honneur de M. Mathias Delcor// [Alter Orient und Altes Testament 215] (Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker/Neukirchener Verlag), 149-57. |
| Faber, A. 1992. Second harvest: <span translit>šibbōleq</span> revisited (yet again). //JSS// 37:1-10. | Faber, A. 1992. Second harvest: <span translit>šibbōleq</span> revisited (yet again). //JSS// 37:1-10. | ||
| Line 193: | Line 193: | ||
| Koch, K. 1977. Article <span hebrew>דרך</span> in //TWAT// 2:288-312. | Koch, K. 1977. Article <span hebrew>דרך</span> in //TWAT// 2:288-312. | ||
| - | Kutscher, E.Y. 1967. Mittelhebräisch und Jüdisch-aramäisch im neuen Koehler-Baumgartner. In B. Hartmann, E. Jenni & E.Y. Kutscher (eds). //Hebräische Wortforschung: Festschrift zum 80. Geburstag von Walter Baumgartner// [ //VTS// 16] (Leiden: Brill), 158-75. | + | Kutscher, E.Y. 1967. Mittelhebräisch und Jüdisch-aramäisch im neuen Koehler-Baumgartner. In B. Hartmann, E. Jenni & E.Y. Kutscher (eds). //Hebräische Wortforschung: Festschrift zum 80. Geburstag von Walter Baumgartner// [ //VTS// 16] (Leiden: Brill), 158-75. |
| - | Lemaire, A. 1985. L’incident du <span translit>sibbolet</span> (Jg 12,6): perspective historique. In A. Caquot, S. Légasse & M. Tardieu (eds). //Mélanges Bibliques et Orientaux en l’honneur de M. Mathias Delcor// [Alter Orient und Altes Testament 215] (Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker/Neukirchener Verlag), 275-81. | + | Lemaire, A. 1985. L’incident du <span translit>sibbolet</span> (Jg 12,6): perspective historique. In A. Caquot, S. Légasse & M. Tardieu (eds). //Mélanges Bibliques et Orientaux en l’honneur de M. Mathias Delcor// [Alter Orient und Altes Testament 215] (Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker/Neukirchener Verlag), 275-81. |
| Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
| Marquart, J. 1888. <span translit>šibbōlet</span> = ephraimitisch <span translit>sibbōlet</span> = <span translit>śibbōlet</span>?. //ZAW// 8:151-55. | Marquart, J. 1888. <span translit>šibbōlet</span> = ephraimitisch <span translit>sibbōlet</span> = <span translit>śibbōlet</span>?. //ZAW// 8:151-55. | ||
| - | McKane, W. 1986. Commentary on //Jeremiah//, //Vol. 1: Introduction and Commentary on Jeremiah I-XXV// [ICC] (Edinburgh: T & T Clark). | + | McKane, W. 1986. Commentary on //Jeremiah//, //Vol. 1: Introduction and Commentary on Jeremiah I-XXV// [ICC] (Edinburgh: T & T Clark). |
| Milik, J.T. 1961. Textes hébreux et araméens. 65205 in P. Benoit, J.T. Milik, and R. De Vaux, //Les Grottes de Murabbaʿât// [DJD 2] (Oxford: Clarendon Press). | Milik, J.T. 1961. Textes hébreux et araméens. 65205 in P. Benoit, J.T. Milik, and R. De Vaux, //Les Grottes de Murabbaʿât// [DJD 2] (Oxford: Clarendon Press). | ||
| - | Muraoka, T. & B. Porten. 1998. //A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic// [Handbuch der Orientalistik. Abteilung 1, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten 32] (Leiden/New York: Brill). | + | Muraoka, T. & B. Porten. 1998. //A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic// [Handbuch der Orientalistik. Abteilung 1, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten 32] (Leiden/New York: Brill). |
| Newsom, C.A. 1985. //Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice: A Critical Edition// [Harvard Semitic Studies 27] (Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press). | Newsom, C.A. 1985. //Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice: A Critical Edition// [Harvard Semitic Studies 27] (Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press). | ||
| Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
| Schulthess, F. 1903. //Lexicon Syropalaestinum//, //Adiuvante Academia Litterarum Regia Borussia// (Berlin: G. Reimer). | Schulthess, F. 1903. //Lexicon Syropalaestinum//, //Adiuvante Academia Litterarum Regia Borussia// (Berlin: G. Reimer). | ||
| - | Speiser, E.A. 1967. The Shibboleth Incident (Judges 12:6). In J.J. Finkelstein & M. Greenberg (eds.). //Oriental and Biblical Studies: Collected Writings of E.A. Speiser// (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), 143-50. | + | Speiser, E.A. 1967. The Shibboleth Incident (Judges 12:6). In J.J. Finkelstein & M. Greenberg (eds.). //Oriental and Biblical Studies: Collected Writings of E.A. Speiser// (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), 143-50. |
| Strugnell, J. The angelic liturgy at Qumran 4QSerek <span translit>šīrīt ʿōlat haššabbāt</span>. In //Congress Volume (Oxford, 1959)// [VTS 7] (Leiden: Brill, 1960), 318-45. | Strugnell, J. The angelic liturgy at Qumran 4QSerek <span translit>šīrīt ʿōlat haššabbāt</span>. In //Congress Volume (Oxford, 1959)// [VTS 7] (Leiden: Brill, 1960), 318-45. | ||
lexeme/mgv-shebil-aitken_j-cam-1999.1407511910.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/08/08 16:31 by admin
